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ECCouncil 312-50v12 Exam Sample Questions

Question # 1

An audacious attacker is targeting a web server you oversee. He intends to perform a Slow HTTP POST attack, by manipulating 'a' HTTP connection. Each connection sends a byte of data every 'b' second, effectively holding up the connections for an extended period. Your server is designed to manage 'm' connections per second, but any connections exceeding this number tend to overwhelm the system. Given ‘a=100' and variable 'm', along with the attacker's intention of maximizing the attack duration 'D=a*b', consider the following scenarios. Which is most likely to result in the longest duration of server unavailability?

A. m=110, b=20: Despite the attacker sending 100 connections, the server can handle 110 connections per second, therefore likely staying operative, regardless of the hold-up time per connection

B. m=90, b=15: The server can manage 90 connections per second, but the attacker's 100 connections exceed this, and with each connection held up for 15 seconds, the attack duration could be significant

C. 95, b=10: Here, the server can handle 95 connections per second, but it falls short against the attacker's 100 connections, albeit the hold-up time per connection is lower

D. m=105, b=12: The server can manage 105 connections per second, more than the attacker's 100 connections, likely maintaining operation despite a moderate hold-up time

Answer

B. m=90, b=15: The server can manage 90 connections per second, but the attacker's 100 connections exceed this, and with each connection held up for 15 seconds, the attack duration could be significant

Explanation: A Slow HTTP POST attack is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack that exploits the way web servers handle HTTP requests. The attacker sends a legitimate HTTP POST header to the web server, specifying a large amount of data to be sent in the request body. However, the attacker then sends the data very slowly, keeping the connection open and occupying the server’s resources. The attacker can launch multiple such connections, exceeding the server’s capacity to handle concurrent requests and preventing legitimate users from accessing the web server.

The attack duration D is given by the formula D = a * b, where a is the number of connections and b is the hold-up time per connection. The attacker intends to maximize D by manipulating a and b. The server can manage m connections per second, but any connections exceeding m will overwhelm the system. Therefore, the scenario that is most likely to result in the longest duration of server unavailability is the one where a > m and b is the largest. Among the four options, this is the case for option B, where a = 100, m = 90, and b = 15. In this scenario, D = 100 * 15 = 1500 seconds, which is the longest among the four options. Option A has a larger b, but a < m, so the server can handle the connections without being overwhelmed. Option C has a > m, but a smaller b, so the attack duration is shorter. Option D has a > m, but a smaller b and a smaller difference between a and m, so the attack duration is also shorter.

References:
What is a Slow POST Attack & How to Prevent One? (Guide)
Mitigate Slow HTTP GET/POST Vulnerabilities in the Apache HTTP Server - Acunetix
What is a Slow Post DDoS Attack? | NETSCOUT

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Question # 2

During the enumeration phase. Lawrence performs banner grabbing to obtain information such as OS details and versions of services running. The service that he enumerated runs directly on TCP port 445. Which of the following services is enumerated by Lawrence in this scenario?

A. Server Message Block (SMB)

B. Network File System (NFS)

C. Remote procedure call (RPC)

D. Telnet

Answer

A.

Server Message Block (SMB)

Explanation: Worker Message Block (SMB) is an organization document sharing and
information texture convention. SMB is utilized by billions of gadgets in a different
arrangement of working frameworks, including Windows, MacOS, iOS , Linux, and Android.
Customers use SMB to get to information on workers. This permits sharing of records,
unified information the board, and brought down capacity limit needs for cell phones.
Workers additionally use SMB as a feature of the Software-characterized Data Center for
outstanding burdens like grouping and replication.
Since SMB is a far off record framework, it requires security from assaults where a
Windows PC may be fooled into reaching a pernicious worker running inside a confided in
organization or to a far off worker outside the organization edge. Firewall best practices
and arrangements can upgrade security keeping malevolent traffic from leaving the PC or
its organization.
For Windows customers and workers that don’t have SMB shares, you can obstruct all
inbound SMB traffic utilizing the Windows Defender Firewall to keep far off associations
from malignant or bargained gadgets. In the Windows Defender Firewall, this incorporates
the accompanying inbound principles.

You should also create a new blocking rule to override any other inbound firewall rules.
Use the following suggested settings for any Windows clients or servers that do not host
SMB Shares:
Name: Block all inbound SMB 445
Description: Blocks all inbound SMB TCP 445 traffic. Not to be applied to domain
controllers or computers that host SMB shares.
Action: Block the connection
Programs: All
Remote Computers: Any
Protocol Type: TCP
Local Port: 445
Remote Port: Any
Profiles: All
Scope (Local IP Address): Any
Scope (Remote IP Address): Any
Edge Traversal: Block edge traversal
You must not globally block inbound SMB traffic to domain controllers or file servers.
However, you can restrict access to them from trusted IP ranges and devices to lower their
attack surface. They should also be restricted to Domain or Private firewall profiles and not
allow Guest/Public traffic.

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Question # 3

Which of the following provides a security professional with most information about the system’s security posture?

A. Phishing, spamming, sending trojans

B. Social engineering, company site browsing tailgating

C. Wardriving, warchalking, social engineering

D. Port scanning, banner grabbing service identification

Answer

D.

Port scanning, banner grabbing service identification

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Question # 4

Which of the following program infects the system boot sector and the executable files at the same time?

A. Polymorphic virus

B. Stealth virus

C. Multipartite Virus

D. Macro virus

Answer

C.

Multipartite Virus

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Question # 5

During an attempt to perform an SQL injection attack, a certified ethical hacker is focusing on the identification of database engine type by generating an ODBC error. The ethical hacker, after injecting various payloads, finds that the web application returns a standard, generic error message that does not reveal any detailed database information. Which of the following techniques would the hacker consider next to obtain useful information about the underlying database?

A. Use the UNION operator to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements

B. Attempt to compromise the system through OS-level command shell execution

C. Try to insert a string value where a number is expected in the input field

D. Utilize a blind injection technique that uses time delays or error signatures to extract information

Answer

D. Utilize a blind injection technique that uses time delays or error signatures to extract information

Explanation: The technique that the hacker would consider next to obtain useful information about the underlying database is to utilize a blind injection technique that uses time delays or error signatures to extract information. A blind injection technique is a type of SQL injection technique that is used when the web application does not return any detailed error messages or data from the database, but only indicates whether the query was executed successfully or not. A blind injection technique relies on sending specially crafted SQL queries that cause a noticeable change in the behavior or response of the web application, such as a time delay or an error signature, which can then be used to infer information about the database. For example, the hacker could use the following methods12:

Time-based blind injection: This method involves injecting a SQL query that contains a time delay function, such as SLEEP() or WAITFOR DELAY, which pauses the execution of the query for a specified amount of time. The hacker can then measure the time difference between the normal and the delayed responses, and use it to determine whether the injected query was true or false. By using this method, the hacker can perform a binary search to guess the values of the data in the database, one bit at a time.

Error-based blind injection: This method involves injecting a SQL query that contains a deliberate error, such as a division by zero, a type mismatch, or an invalid conversion, which causes the database to generate an error message. The hacker can then analyze the error message, which may contain useful information about the database, such as the version, the name, the structure, or the data. By using this method, the hacker can exploit the error handling mechanism of the database to extract information.

The other options are not as suitable as option D for the following reasons:

A. Use the UNION operator to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements: This option is not feasible because it requires the web application to return data from the database, which is not the case in this scenario. The UNION operator is a SQL operator that allows the hacker to append the results of another SELECT statement to the original query, and display them as part of the web page. This way, the hacker can retrieve data from other tables or columns that are not intended to be shown by the web application. However, this option does not work when the web application does not return any data or error messages from the database, as in this scenario3.

B. Attempt to compromise the system through OS-level command shell execution: This option is not relevant because it is not a SQL injection technique, but a post- exploitation technique. OS-level command shell execution is a method of gaining access to the underlying operating system of the web server, by injecting a SQL query that contains a system command, such as xp_cmdshell, exec, or shell_exec, which executes the command on the server. This way, the hacker can perform various actions on the server, such as uploading files, downloading files, or running programs. However, this option does not help to obtain information about the database, which is the goal of this scenario4.

C. Try to insert a string value where a number is expected in the input field: This option is not effective because it is a basic SQL injection technique that is used to detect SQL injection vulnerabilities, not to exploit them. Inserting a string value where a number is expected in the input field is a method of triggering a syntax error in the SQL query, which may reveal the structure or the content of the query in the error message. This way, the hacker can identify the vulnerable parameters and the type of the database. However, this option does not work when the web application does not return any detailed error messages from the database, as in this scenario5.

References:

1: Blind SQL Injection - OWASP Foundation

2: Blind SQL Injection - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics 3: SQL Injection Union Attacks - OWASP Foundation

4: OS Command Injection - OWASP Foundation 5: SQL Injection - OWASP Foundation

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