Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Dumps Questions With Valid Answers

B. Vertex AI Pipelines, Vertex AI Prediction, and Vertex AI Model Monitoring

Explanation:

Option A is incorrect because Vertex AI Pipelines and App Engine do not meet all the requirements of the system. Vertex AI Pipelines is a service that allows you to create, run, and manage ML workflows using TensorFlow Extended (TFX) components or custom components1. App Engine is a service that allows you to build and deploy scalable web applications using standard or flexible environments2. However, App Engine does not support Docker containers in the standard environment, and does not provide a dedicated service for online prediction and monitoring of ML models3.

Option B is correct because Vertex AI Pipelines, Vertex AI Prediction, and Vertex AI Model Monitoring meet all the requirements of the system. Vertex AI Prediction is a service that allows you to deploy and serve ML models for online or batch prediction, with support for autoscaling and custom containers4. Vertex AI Model Monitoring is a service that allows you to monitor the performance and fairness of your deployed models, and get alerts for any issues or anomalies5.

Option C is incorrect because Cloud Composer, BigQuery ML, and Vertex AI Prediction do not meet all the requirements of the system. Cloud Composer is a service that allows you to create, schedule, and manage workflows using Apache Airflow. BigQuery ML is a service that allows you to create and use ML models within BigQuery using SQL queries. However, BigQuery ML does not support custom containers, and Vertex AI Prediction does not support scheduled model retraining or model monitoring.

Option D is incorrect because Cloud Composer, Vertex AI Training with custom containers, and App Engine do not meet all the requirements of the system. Vertex AI Training is a service that allows you to train ML models using built-in algorithms or custom containers. However, Vertex AI Training does not support online prediction or model monitoring, and App Engine does not support Docker containers in the standard environment or online prediction and monitoring of ML models3.

References:

Vertex AI Pipelines overview
App Engine overview
Choosing an App Engine environment
Vertex AI Prediction overview
Vertex AI Model Monitoring overview
[Cloud Composer overview]
[BigQuery ML overview]
[BigQuery ML limitations]
[Vertex AI Training overview]

B. Create a logistic regression model in BigQuery ML and register the model in Vertex Al Model Registry. Evaluate the model performance in Vertex Al.

Explanation:

Customer churn is a binary classification problem, where the target variable is whether a customer has churned or not. Therefore, a logistic regression model is more suitable than a linear regression model, which is used for regression problems. A logistic regression model can output the probability of a customer churning, which can be used to rank the customers by their churn risk and take appropriate actions1.

BigQuery ML is a service that allows you to create and execute machine learning models in BigQuery using standard SQL queries2. You can use BigQuery ML to create a logistic regression model for customer churn prediction by using the CREATE MODEL statement and specifying the LOGISTIC_REG model type3. You can use the historical customer data as the input table for the model, and specify the features and the label columns3.

Vertex AI Model Registry is a central repository where you can manage the lifecycle of your ML models4. You can import models from various sources, such as BigQuery ML, AutoML, or custom models, and assign them to different versions and aliases4. You can also deploy models to endpoints, which are resources that provide a service URL for online prediction.

By registering the BigQuery ML model in Vertex AI Model Registry, you can leverage the Vertex AI features to evaluate and monitor the model performance4. You can use Vertex AI Experiments to track and compare the metrics of different model versions, such as accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC. You can also use Vertex AI Explainable AI to generate feature attributions that show how much each input feature contributed to the model’s prediction.

The other options are not suitable for your scenario, because they either use the wrong model type, such as linear regression, or they do not use Vertex AI to evaluate the model performance, which would limit the insights and actions you can take based on the model results.

References:

Logistic Regression for Machine Learning
Introduction to BigQuery ML | Google Cloud
Creating a logistic regression model | BigQuery ML | Google Cloud
Introduction to Vertex AI Model Registry | Google Cloud
[Deploy a model to an endpoint | Vertex AI | Google Cloud]
[Vertex AI Experiments | Google Cloud]

D. Use the TensorFlow Extended (TFX) SDK to create multiple components that use Dataflow and Vertex Al services Deploy the workflow on Vertex Al Pipelines.

Explanation:

According to the web search results, TensorFlow Extended (TFX) is a platform for building end-to-end machine learning pipelines using TensorFlow1. TFX provides a set of components that can be orchestrated using either the TFX SDK or Kubeflow Pipelines. TFX components can handle different aspects of the pipeline, such as data ingestion, data validation, data transformation, model training, model evaluation, model serving, and more. TFX components can also leverage other Google Cloud services, such as Dataflow2 and Vertex AI3. Dataflow is a fully managed service for running Apache Beam pipelines on Google Cloud. Dataflow handles the provisioning and management of the compute resources, as well as the optimization and execution of the pipelines. Vertex AI is a unified platform for machine learning development and deployment.

Vertex AI offers various services and tools for building, managing, and serving machine learning models. Therefore, option D is the best way to create a low maintenance, automated workflow for the given use case, as it allows you to use the TFX SDK to define and execute your pipeline components, and use Dataflow and Vertex AI services to scale and optimize your pipeline. The other options are not relevant or optimal for this scenario.

References:

TensorFlow Extended
Dataflow
Vertex AI
Google Professional Machine Learning Certification Exam 2023
Latest Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Actual Free Exam Questions

Explanation:

The best option for splitting the data between the training, validation, and test sets, using a managed tabular dataset in Vertex AI that contains sales data from three different stores, is to use Vertex AI default data split. This option allows you to leverage the power and simplicity of Vertex AI to automatically and randomly split your data into the three sets by percentage. Vertex AI is a unified platform for building and deploying machine learning solutions on Google Cloud. Vertex AI can support various types of models, such as linear regression, logistic regression, k-means clustering, matrix factorization, and deep neural networks. Vertex AI can also provide various tools and services for data analysis, model development, model deployment, model monitoring, and model governance. A default data split is a data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, and does not require any user input or configuration. A default data split can help you split your data into the training, validation, and test sets by using a random sampling method, and assign a fixed percentage of the data to each set.

A default data split can help you simplify the data split process, and works well in most cases. A training set is a subset of the data that is used to train the model, and adjust the model parameters. A training set can help you learn the relationship between the input features and the target variable, and optimize the model performance. A validation set is a subset of the data that is used to validate the model, and tune the model hyperparameters. A validation set can help you evaluate the model performance on unseen data, and avoid overfitting or underfitting. A test set is a subset of the data that is used to test the model, and provide the final evaluation metrics. A test set can help you assess the model performance on new data, and measure the generalization ability of the model. By using Vertex AI default data split, you can split your data into the training, validation, and test sets by using a random sampling method, and assign the following percentages of the data to each set1:

The other options are not as good as option B, for the following reasons:

Option A: Using Vertex AI manual split, using the store name feature to assign one store for each set would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. A manual split is a data split method that allows you to control how your data is split into sets, by using the ml_use label or the data filter expression. A manual split can help you customize the data split logic, and handle complex or non-standard data formats. A store name feature is a feature that indicates the name of the store where the sales data was collected. A store name feature can help you identify the source of the data, and group the data by store.

However, using Vertex AI manual split, using the store name feature to assign one store for each set would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. You would need to write code, create and configure the ml_use label or the data filter expression, and assign one store for each set. Moreover, this option would not ensure that the data in each set has the same distribution and characteristics as the data in the whole dataset, which could prevent you from learning the general pattern of the data, and cause bias or variance in the model2.

Option C: Using Vertex AI chronological split and specifying the sales timestamp feature as the time variable would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. A chronological split is a data split method that allows you to split your data into sets based on the order of the data. A chronological split can help you preserve the temporal dependency and sequence of the data, and avoid data leakage. A sales timestamp feature is a feature that indicates the date and time when the sales data was collected. A sales timestamp feature can help you track the changes and trends of the data over time, and capture the seasonality and cyclicality of the data.

However, using Vertex AI chronological split and specifying the sales timestamp feature as the time variable would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. You would need to write code, create and configure the time variable, and split the data by the order of the time variable. Moreover, this option would not ensure that the data in each set has the same distribution and characteristics as the data in the whole dataset, which could prevent you from learning the general pattern of the data, and cause bias or variance in the model3.

Option D: Using Vertex AI random split, assigning 70% of the rows to the training set, 10% to the validation set, and 20% to the test set would not allow you to use the default data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, and could increase the complexity and cost of the data split process. A random split is a data split method that allows you to split your data into sets by using a random sampling method, and assign a custom percentage of the data to each set. A random split can help you split your data into representative and balanced sets, and avoid data leakage.

However, using Vertex AI random split, assigning 70% of the rows to the training set, 10% to the validation set, and 20% to the test set would not allow you to use the default data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, and could increase the complexity and cost of the data split process. You would need to write code, create and configure the random split method, and assign the custom percentages to each set. Moreover, this option would not use the default data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, which can simplify the data split process, and works well in most cases1.

References:

About data splits for AutoML models | Vertex AI | Google Cloud
Manual split for unstructured data
Mathematical split

A. The model is overfitting in areas with less traffic and underfitting in areas with more traffic.

Explanation:

The most likely reason for the observed result is that the model is overfitting in areas with less traffic and underfitting in areas with more traffic. Overfitting means that the model learns the specific patterns and noise in the training data, but fails to generalize well to new and unseen data. Underfitting means that the model is not able to capture the complexity and variability of the data, and performs poorly on both training and test data. In this case, the model might have learned to segment the images well when there is less traffic, but it might not have enough data or features to handle the more challenging scenarios when there is more traffic. This could lead to a decrease in the AUC metric, which measures the ability of the model to distinguish between different classes.

AUC is a suitable metric for this classification model, as it is not affected by class imbalance or threshold selection. The other options are not likely to be the reason for the result, as they are not related to the traffic density. Too much data representing congested areas would not cause the model to fail in those areas, but rather help the model learn better. Gradients vanishing or exploding is a problem that occurs during the training process, not after the deployment, and it affects the whole model, not specific scenarios.

References:

Image Segmentation: U-Net For Self Driving Cars
Intelligent Semantic Segmentation for Self-Driving Vehicles Using Deep Learning
Sharing Pixelopolis, a self-driving car demo from Google I/O built with TensorFlow Lite
Google Cloud launches machine learning engineer certification
Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Certification
Professional ML Engineer Exam Guide
Preparing for Google Cloud Certification: Machine Learning Engineer Professional Certificate