SCS-C02 Dumps Questions With Valid Answers

Use Amazon issued AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) certificates on the EC2 instances and the Elastic Load Balancer to configure end-to-end encryption

Explanation:

To configure end-to-end encryption between the Elastic Load Balancer and the EC2 instances with the least operational effort, the most appropriate solution would be to use Amazon issued AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) certificates on the EC2 instances and the Elastic Load Balancer to configure end-to-end encryption. AWS Certificate Manager - Amazon Web Services : Elastic Load Balancing - Amazon Web
Services : Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud - Amazon Web Services : AWS Certificate Manager - Amazon Web Services

Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs.

Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files.

Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them.

Explanation: 
The possible steps to troubleshoot this issue are:
A. Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent uses the credentials from the instance profile to communicate with CloudWatch1.
C. Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent needs to know which log files to monitor and send to CloudWatch2.
D. Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them. This is a necessary step because the VPC endpoint policies control which principals can access the AWS services through the endpoints3.
The other options are incorrect because:
B. Creating a metric filter on the logs is not a troubleshooting step, but a way to extract metric data from the logs. Metric filters do not affect the visibility of the logs in the AWS Management Console.
E. Creating a NAT gateway in the subnet is not a solution, because the EC2 instances do not need internet access to communicate with CloudWatch through the VPC endpoints. A NAT gateway would also incur additional costs.
F. Ensuring that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other is not a necessary step, because the CloudWatch agent does not require log aggregation before sending. Each EC2 instance can send its own logs independently to CloudWatch.
References:
1: IAM Roles for Amazon EC2 2: CloudWatch Agent Configuration File: Logs Section 3:
Using Amazon VPC Endpoints : Metric Filters : NAT Gateways : CloudWatch Agent
Reference: Log Aggregation

Turn on IAM CloudTrail in each IAM account

Update the bucket policy of the bucket in the account that will be storing the logs so that other accounts can log to it

Explanation:
These are the steps that can meet the requirements in the most secure manner. CloudTrail is a service that records AWS API calls and delivers log files to an S3 bucket. Turning on CloudTrail in each IAM account can help capture all IAM API calls made within those accounts. Updating the bucket policy of the bucket in the account that will be storing the logs can help grant other accounts permission to write log files to that bucket. The other options are either unnecessary or insecure for logging and analyzing IAM API calls.

Create an SCP and a permissions boundary for IAM roles. Add the SCP to the root OU so that only roles that have the permissions boundary attached can create any new IAM roles.

Explanation:
To create a process that will allow application teams to provision their own IAM roles, while limiting the scope of IAM roles and preventing privilege escalation, the following steps are required:

Create a service control policy (SCP) that defines the maximum permissions that can be granted to any IAM role in the organization. An SCP is a type of policy that you can use with AWS Organizations to manage permissions for all accounts in your organization. SCPs restrict permissions for entities in member accounts, including each AWS account root user, IAM users, and roles. For more information, see Service control policies overview.

Create a permissions boundary for IAM roles that matches the SCP. A permissions boundary is an advanced feature for using a managed policy to set the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity. A permissions boundary allows an entity to perform only the actions that are allowed by both its identity-based policies and its permissions boundaries. For more information, see Permissions boundaries for IAM entities.

Add the SCP to the root organizational unit (OU) so that it applies to all accounts in the organization. This will ensure that no IAM role can exceed the permissions defined by the SCP, regardless of how it is created or modified.

Instruct the application teams to attach the permissions boundary to any IAM role they create. This will prevent them from creating IAM roles that can escalate their own privileges or access resources they are not authorized to access.

This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead, as it leverages AWS Organizations and IAM features to delegate and limit IAM role creation without requiring manual reviews or approvals.

The other options are incorrect because they either do not allow application teams to provision their own IAM roles (A), do not limit the scope of IAM roles or prevent privilege escalation (B), or do not take advantage of managed services whenever possible ©.

Verified References:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_scp.html

Stop the instance. Detach the root volume. Generate a new key pair.

When the volume is detached from the original instance, attach the volume to another instance as a data volume. Modify the authorized_keys file with a new public key. Move the volume back to the original instance. Start the instance.

Explanation:
If you lose the private key for an EBS-backed instance, you can regain access to your instance. You must stop the instance, detach its root volume and attach it to another instance as a data volume, modify the authorized_keys file with a new public key, move the volume back to the original instance, and restart the instance.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/TroubleshootingInstancesConnecting.html#replacing-lost-key-pai